Windmill



(Model.)

S.. 8E C' A MILLER. 2 sheets-sheet i.

WINDMILL.

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N. PETERS. Pham-UNIFEM?, Wlshinsam DA C.

(Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 S. 85 G. AJMILLER. WINDMILL. No. 248,491. 1 Y1 f Patented 001'. 18.,"18811 N, Pains mammogram', wwenpm un UNITEDSTATES PATENT OEEICE.

SYLVANUS MILLER AND CHARLES A. MILLER, OF URBANA, OHIO.

WINDNIILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 248,491, dated October18, 1881,

Application filed November 26, 1880. (Model.)

To all whom t may concern Be it known that we, SYLVANUS MILLER, andCHARLES A. MILLER, of Urbana, in the county of Champaign and State ofOhio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Vindmills and we dohereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

Our invention relates to an improvementin windmills, and particularly tothat class which are provided with a rigid wind-wheel, whose angle ofpresentation to the vrind is automatically adjusted under varyingpressures.

Our object is to produce a windmill that shall be siinpleinconstruction, durable in wear, and effective in use, and to that end itconsists in the novel construction, arrangement, and combinations of thevarious operative parts thereof, all as more fully hereinafter describedand claimed.

To enable persons skilled in the art to make and use our invention, wewill now proceed to fully describe the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspective View of theentire windmill, Fig. 2,a vertical section through the frames andturntable; Fig. 3, a perspective View of the iron disk; Fig. 4, a detailview of the journal-box in section, showing the main shaft f and theanti-friction rollers; Fig. 5, a view of one ofthe recessed rings andsome of the rollers inserted, as used in the journal-box; Fig. G, a viewof the pin that unites the frame D with the frame of the turn-table;Fig. 7, a view showing the manner in which the arched metalblade-holders are secured to the arms of the wheel; Fig. 8, a view ofthe toothed lock used to secure the blades of the wheelin their archedmetal holders; Fig. 9, a view ot' the lock placed between two blades;Fig. 10, a view ofthe brace-rods and their collars 5 Fig. l1, aperspective view of the spider-hub l, and Fig. 12 a perspective view ofthe nut t.

Similar letters denote corresponding parts in each ligure.

A is a derricleframe of the usual construetion, having four posts, whoseupper ends'are secured to the downwardprojections of a castiron gudgeon,B. This gudgeon B is provided with a vertical cylindrical spindle, B',which i' in turn is provided with a hole running longitudinally throughits entire length, including the lower part embraced by the saidderrickposts.

C is a cylindrical turn-table, bored out to fit i the spindle of gudgeonB, (said spindle being clearly shown in Fig. 2,) around whichitrrevolves easily. This turn-table C is bored to within a shortdistance of the top, when a y mitting ot' a careless and easy revolutionof the turntable around the spindle. This disk is provided on the uppersurface, near its outer edge, with a curved rectangular opening, b,which is intended as a passage-way for the rope or wire that operatesthe governor, and is provided with an upward-extending liange topreventthe oil that lubricates the bearing ofthe disk from overflowinginto the spindle, there being two holes drilled through the disk nearthe outer edge for its passage directly over the hearing of the disk.Through the center ofthe disk is drilled ahole to receivea verticaldriving-rod, c, which passes downwardly through it and the spindle, tobe attaehed to a pump or other device that the mill may be intended tooperate. This center hole is also provided with a raised chamber for thereception ot` the oil that lubricates the driving-rod c. The upper endof this rod c above the disk is secured to a hollow link-shaped cam, H.

G'is a frame cast to the turn-table C, its upper end terminatingdirectly over the vertical center of said turn-table, and to which thtail-vane E is rigidly attached at F. j

D is a frame, to which the journal-box D is cast. The upper end of thistrame terminates directly over and rests upon the upper end of the frameC', and both are provided with a hole corresponding to that of the diskand spindle, for the reception of a pin, d, which IOO unites the twosaid frames together. This pin d has a notch filed across its outersurface to receive the point of a set-screw passing through the upperendof frame C', to make it stationary with said frame and allow frame D toturn thereon in a hinge-like manner. This pin has also a hole drilledthrough its entire length, to receive a vertical rod, c', and isprovided with a raised chamber at its upper end, similar to that of theiron disk a, to serve as a cup for the oil which lubricates the rodc,that passes down through said hole,and is attached at its lower end tothe upper part of the hollow linkshaped cani H, heretolore mentioned.This rod c is really a continuation of the vertical driving-rod c, andwere it not for the hollow link-shaped cani H they would be one entirerod.

The lower end of theframe D is forked horizontally, and is provided witha small roller, e, pivoted on the end of each arm of said fork. Theserollers revolve horizontally around the base of the turn-table (l, andare used in connection with the yoke e', that encircles the turn-table,and whose ends are secured to the frame D by nuts, to preserve thevertical position of said frame should the wind strike the rear face ofthe wheel, as it frequently does after a calm.

The journal-box D', attached to frame D,and of which it is a part,furnishes the bearingfor the main shaftf. This journal-boxis providedwith anti-friction rollers g, as shown in Fig. 2, their equidistantrelation to each other being preserved by the use of recessed rings hh', which embrace loosely in their recesses the ends ofsiX or more suchrollers, as shown in Fig. 5. The main shaft f, passing through theserecessed rings, with said rollers around and between it and the innerwall of the journal-box, has a tendency to push the rings h h out; butsuch an occurrence is obviated by the rear face of the hub ofcrank-wheel G and a collar, i, fixed to shaft f, which covers the outerend of thejournal-box next to the windwheel, which (crank-wheel andcollar) keep the rings from slipping back from the ends of the rollers.The said collar and crank-wheel, moving together and in the samedirection, tend to keep both rings h h moving together and in the samedirection. Consequently there is no liability of the rollers lagging ateither end, which would have the el'ect to draw them out of line, andthereby produce great friction, and probably the bursting ofthejournal-box. y The crank-wheel G is keyed to the inner end of shaftf,and is provided near its outer edge with a crank-pin, k, which passesinto the hollow link-shaped cam H, around in which it works when drivenby the shaft f, upon which the wind-wheel is mounted.

The spider-hub I, attached to the shaft f near the outer end of thejournal-box, and to` which the wind-wheel is attached in sections, isfirmly secured to said shaft by a set-screw.

The arms of said spider-h ub are cast on an angle corresponding with theangle given the blades of the wheel, which are about thirty degrees tothe plane of the hub, which gives the arms J of the wheel, when boltedto them, the same angular face that the blades o have, thus bringinginto requisition the inclined faces of said arms, which add very much tothe power of the wheel; and,further, the angular faces ofthe armsJpresent the best form to which to bolt the arched metal blade-holders nu', for bolting the arched metal blade-holders on the front side facingthe wind renders the wheelstiler in all its parts and lessliable tobecome loose. These arched metal blade-holders n n are of suitablethickness, and are diagonallyv slotted for the reception of the bladeso. At their ends they are bent up on the same angle that the slots have,thereby forming lugs, through each of which is drilled a hole. The outerfaces of these lugs, being on a divergent line, tit exactly between armsJ of the wheel when bolted to the arms of spiderhub l. Two of the saidarched metal bladeholders, when lled with their quota of blades o-oneholder near the outer and the other near the inner end-constitute onesection of the wheel. Six or more such sections, as may be preferred,are placed one between each pair ol' arms J, and where the lugs of saidholders embrace the angular sides or faces of said arms, bolts arepassed through both the lugs and arms at the same time, therebyfastening them perfectly secure.

The blades o are made of suitable wood, and are tapered from theirouterto their inner ends` and are held in their places in the arched metalholders n n by locks p, which are made of strap-iron, provided withteeth at each end, and bent as shown in Fig. 8. One ofthese locks,placed between a pair of' blades on the inner face of the outer holder,n, where it is intended to be placed, and flattened down, causes thetoothed ends to enter into the blades and completely lock every pair ofblades so treated in the whole wheel.

In using some kinds of wood for making the blades o the lock 1J may bedispensed with by making the blades a little thicker than the slots inthe holders are wide, and by passing them between two iron rollers theyare reduced by compression to the proper thickness to enter the-slots inthe blade-holders. When so treated and placed in the slots it is foundthat in a few hours the compressed blades expand to their formerthickness, thereby' makiug'themselves more secure than lock p would.This method is preferred to the use of the lock when the wood willpermit of it.

In order that the wind-wheel may be perfectly strong, straight, and keptfrom springing by the sudden gusts of wind that are liable to strike itsface and bend or damage it, we have provided brace-rods r, bent in theshape of an acute angle, each end ot' which is fastened to one of thearms J and their bent portion passed around projecting lugs s" of acollar, s, near the end ot' the main shaft j.

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These rods are held rmly on said lugs by a similar collar, s', providedwith notches on its inner side, which lit closely over the bent portionof these rods, and is pressed closely against the rods by a nut, t,screwed on the end of the shaft f, whereby the wheel is prevented frombending or breaking, regardless of the force of the wind.

Extending outwardly from the frame D, above the journalbox, is an arm,K, having cast on its end a bracket composed of a vertical and ahorizontal arm, u u'. On the side of this vertical arm is pivoted a semicog-wheel, o, to which is cast the weighted lever or governor w. On thehorizontal arm is pivoted a similar' cog-wheel, QJ, with which thecog-wheel o engages. Projecting from this cog-wheel e' is an arm, y,which connects with an arm, r which, in turn, is connected to anoutwardly extending plate of the extension F, to which the tail-vane Eis attached. The office of this weighted lever or governor w is to hold,through arm K, the wind-wheel to the wind; but when the wind blows withsuch force as to overcome the resistance offered by the governor w, thewheel, which has a tendency to turn out ofthe wind contrary to the pullot' said governor, because ofthe horizontal inclination given it in thatdirection, immediately swings around, taking a position nearly parallelwith tail-vane E. The moment the wind subsides the weighted lever orgovernor returns the wheel to the wind again. The rope or wire x,attached to the upper end of said lever and passing down through theopening b in the disk a and spiridle of gudgeon B to the ground, enablesany one there to pull the wheel out ofthe wind at his pleasure.

Upon the side of the cylindrical turn-table C, extending outwardly, aretwo lugs, z z', at rightangles to each other, between which plays theframe D. One of these lugs, z, serves to stop the wheel, when in thewind, on a horizontal inclination in the direction it is pulled out ofthe wind, and the other, z', is to stop the wheel when pulled out of thewind, holding it on a divergent line to the tail-vane, so that when thewind blows hard it cannot blow behind the wheel, as that would have theeffect to make the wheel Hop back and forth, rendering it liable todamage; but so arranged it is held more steadily when out of the windthan if stopped exactly parallel with the tailvane.

We are fully aware that windmills have heretofore been provided withseparate straight rods for attaching the head-brace to the wheel, theouter ends of such rods being fastened into the head by means of nuts,making it tedious and at the same time difficult to straighten v thewheel, while by doubling ours, as shown, we do not need to cut screws ontheir ends or have any trouble in attaching them, they being formed ou amachine made expressly for the purpose. Thereby they are all the samelength, and when put on and fastened, as shown, with one nut only, thewheel is drawnperfectly straight, the holes through the arms beinguniform in their distance from the center of the wheel.

The arms may be very much sprung; but as soon as the braces are boltedto them they must necessarily be held straight. Gonsequently we alwayshave a straight wheel.

Windmills have also heretofore been provided with a frame similar to ourframe D, except that they use two bearings, one above and one below,instead of only one, as we use, the lower end being provided with therollers and the yoke to preserve its vertical position.

' Having thusdescribed our invention, what we claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The wind-wheel constructed and mounted as described, in combinationwith the bracerods r, collars s s', and nut t, substantially asdescribed, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The wind-wheel and shaftf, in combination with the journal-box D',anti-friction rollers g, recessed rings h h', and frame D, united toframe C of turn-table C, which is mounted on/the spindle of gudgeon B,substantially as described.

3. In combination with the frame D and frame C ot' the turn-table C,constructed, mounted, and united together as described, the wind-wheel,shaftf, crank-wheel Gr, crankpin k, and hollow link-shaped cam H,provided with'the rods c c', substantially as described and shown.

4. The windwheel, shaft f, and frame D, with its arm and bracket, incombination with the weighted lever w, semi cog-wheels 'v t', arms y y.turn-table G, lugs z z', pin d, and tail-vane E, substantially asdescribed, and for the purpose set forth.

5 In a windmill, the combination of the derrick-frame, gudgeon B,spindle B', turntable C, disk a, and tail-vane E with the frame D, pind, shaft f, crank-wheel Gp, crank-pin k, hollow link-shaped cam H, androds c c', substantially as described.

This specication signed and witnessed this 9th day of November, 1880.

SYLVANUS MILLER. CHARLES A. MILLER.

Witnesses:

JNO. M. RUSSELL, GEORGE GEIGER.

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